1. The Guanches, the first inhabitants

Period: Before the Spanish conquest (until the 15th century)

The Guanches were the first inhabitants of the Canary Islands, supposedly originating from North Africa, but their history could be far more complex. Traditionally, they have been linked to Berber peoples, but emerging theories suggest possible connections with ancient civilizations, such as the Atlanteans. Indeed, the Guanches were known for their imposing stature, reminiscent of that attributed to the Atlanteans in mythical accounts.

These inhabitants of the Canaries lived mainly in caves and natural shelters, ingeniously adapting their way of life to the particular conditions of the archipelago. Their agriculture was based on advanced techniques, such as terraced farming and irrigation, which enabled them to make the most of the mountainous, arid terrain.

The Guanche culture was deeply animistic, with a spirituality centered on natural spirits and ancestral cults. Some researchers speculate that these beliefs and traditions may be the remnants of an earlier civilization, perhaps Atlantean, of which only a few survivors escaped destruction. Their language, related to the Berber languages, and their traditions have survived through the centuries, although greatly transformed by later events, notably the Spanish conquest.

2. The Spanish conquest

Period: 15th century

The Spanish conquest of La Gomera was part of a wider process of colonization of the Canary Islands by Spain. In 1492, Christopher Columbus made a stopover in La Gomera on his way to the New World, marking an important milestone in the island’s history. However, the conquest of La Gomera in 1488 by Alonso Fernández de Lugo was the decisive turning point.

The Spanish imposed their domination on the Guanches, destroying their social structures and subordinating the indigenous inhabitants. The conquest led to the enslavement of many Guanches or their forced integration into colonial society. This period was marked by a radical transformation of the island’s social and cultural landscape.

3. The colonial period

Period: 16th to 19th century

The colonial period saw La Gomera develop into an important economic center, notably for the cultivation of sugar cane. Sugar cane, introduced by the colonists, became the island’s main product, although the economy later diversified to include wine, bananas and tomatoes.

The Spaniards built essential infrastructure such as roads and religious buildings, considerably altering the landscape. The first settlers, faced with difficult mountainous terrain and varied climatic conditions, had to adapt to local realities to develop their economy.

4. The agricultural revolution

Period: 20th century

During the 20th century, La Gomera underwent an agricultural revolution, with banana cultivation becoming the main product. The island, however, remained relatively isolated from the rest of the Canaries and Spain, allowing certain agricultural traditions and practices to continue. This geographical isolation helped to preserve a unique way of life and culture, resistant to outside influences.

The end of Franco’s regime in Spain marked the beginning of a cautious modernization of the island. Infrastructure was gradually improved, while preserving La Gomera’s authentic character. This period also saw the emergence of more environmentally-friendly tourism.

5. Environmental protection and tourism

Period: Late 20th century to present day

The end of the 20th century saw a growing awareness of the need to protect the environment. In 1986, La Gomera was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in recognition of its exceptional biodiversity, notably the laurisylva forest, an ancient and unique ecosystem.

In the early 21st century, the island adopted a sustainable tourism model, emphasizing ecotourism and conservation initiatives. The development of hiking trails and the promotion of environmentally-friendly practices attracted visitors seeking to discover La Gomera away from mass tourism. Today, the island is renowned for its spectacular scenery and commitment to nature conservation.

6. Culture and modern language

Period: Current

La Gomera’s culture today is a fascinating blend of Guanche heritage and Spanish influences. Local festivals, traditional dances and cuisine reflect this unique cultural fusion. Although Spanish is the official language, some Guanche words survive in place names and cultural practices.

La Gomera retains a strong cultural identity, enriched by its historical roots and living traditions. This cultural richness, coupled with a deep respect for nature, makes La Gomera a particularly special place for those seeking to connect with its history and values.

Conclusion

Discovering the history of La Gomera not only helps us to understand the transformations that have shaped the island, but also to better appreciate the richness of its heritage. For those moving to or visiting La Gomera, exploring these different historical periods is a valuable way of putting down roots in this fascinating land, finding resonances with the events and traditions that have marked its evolution.

A journey through time

The history of La Gomera is a fascinating adventure that offers keys to understanding the island and its people. For Héléna, this exploration is a valuable way to put down roots in her new home and appreciate the layers of stories that define La Gomera. In sharing her discoveries, she invites readers to join her on this journey through time, revealing how knowledge of the past can enrich our experience of the present and strengthen our connection with the places we call home.

To give a chronological overview of La Gomera’s history, here are some key dates concerning the first inhabitants, the Guanches, and other significant events:

• Antiquity – Around 1000 BC: The first inhabitants of the Canaries, of which La Gomera is a part, probably arrived in successive waves from North Africa. These early settlers were the ancestors of the Guanches, a Berber people.
• 8th – 9th centuries: The Guanches establish a stable presence on the Canary Islands, developing a unique culture based on tribal organization and agricultural practices adapted to local conditions.
• 15th century: The arrival of European explorers marked the beginning of contacts with the outside world. In 1492, Christopher Columbus made a stopover in La Gomera on his way to the New World, using the island as a crucial supply point.
• 1496: The Spanish conquest of La Gomera ends after a series of conflicts with the Guanches. The Canary Islands become part of the Spanish kingdom, and a new colonial era begins.
• 17th – 19th centuries: During this period, La Gomera underwent various economic and social changes under Spanish rule, with developments in agriculture, commerce and local society.